Esha

Gianni Berengo Gardin

Gianni Berengo Gardin leaves all his images raw, exactly as he shot them. He believes that making an image more attractive in post-production is artificial, clashing with his engrained photojournalistic instincts.  The power of photography lies in it's close connection to reality. Modifications can make it more beautiful or compelling, but it will no longer be the truth. 

Gardin uses a diaphragm in the lens in which he shoots these photographs. The Diaphragm controls the light intake. The higher the number, the small the opening, hence, the less light. The smaller the number, the bigger the opening, hence, there is more light. (DoF)

The Shutter Speed within the camera is over the control of the amount of light that is allowed inside. 

The ISO is a type of sensor. The higher the ISO, the more sensitive the picture appears to be, which is when it comes out slightly grainy. 


Sunshine consists of  250/16
Sunshine with clouds consists of 250/11
Clouds with some sun consists of 250/8
All Cloudy consists of 125/8 or 60/11


(Speed Ranges: 1-2-4-8-15-30-60-125-250-500-1000-2000-4000)


Film:
The most common size of film is 62 mm by 45 mm 

A polyester base is used for all print films. It's stronger and wears better than triacetate. ESTAR in the base permits the photo to be high in strength, chemical stability, toughness, tear resistance, flexibility, and dimensional stability. 

B&W films are spliced with a tape splicer, or a splicer that uses an ultrasonic or inductive heating current to melt and fuse the film ends. 

In addition, there is a film base, a subbing layer is applied to the film base so that the emulsion adheres to the base. An emulsion layer, which is the most important, and consists of dispersions of light-sensitive materials in a colloidal medium, usually gelatin, carried as a thin layer on a film base.” Emulsion is made by dissolving silver bullion in nitric acid to form silver-nitrate crystals. An UV absorbing layer, which protects the imaging layers from exposure by UV radiation. There is a super-coat, which is the top layer of the film, and is of a clear hardened gelatin substance that protects the emulsion from damage during transport through the camera. The last part of the film is anti-halation backing. 

Developing/Chemicals: 
Developer: B&W film is coated with light sensitive emulsion with silver compounds. These compounds change their chemical structure when exposed to light. The developer is made up of sodium sulfite solution, which causes the silver that was exposed to light to turn a dark color. The darkness is related to how much light was received. This process crates a photographic negative. 

Used for 7-12 minutes, time varies

Stop Bath: The reaction between the film emulsion and developer will continue until all of the emulsion has reacted and the negative turns completely black. To stop this from happening, a "stop bath" is used. The stop bath consists mostly of acetic acid, and the process immediately halts the reaction between the developer and the emulsion. 

Used for 1 minute

Fixer: The fixer is applied to the negative to remove any remaining silver. It consists of a solution of sodium thiosulfate, aluminum dod-hydrate, and several other chemicals. Once the fixer is applied, the film is no longer sensitive to light. 

1 Part Fixer to 4 Parts Water, used for 5-10 minutes

Washers, Cleaners, Spot Removers: After the process, the negatives are cleaned with cleaners. These cleaners remove traces of photo-developing chemicals to prevent water spots on the negatives.

Used for 20-30 minutes

Drying takes from 3 to 8 hours

Printing Film
The Enlarger helps recreate the image and burn it onto printing paper.

Use the aperture enlarger to control the light intake. The smaller aperture there is, the less light there is. Lighter print = Larger aperture, More light = darker print.

The higher the filter used, the more contrast there is in the photo.

After the burning process, the paper goes towards the printing lab, where it goes from the developer to water to the fixer, and then washed and hung.