Alexandra

Week 1: 

A Reflex camera allows the photographer to view the objects through the lens, therefore to see what directly will be captured.

A rangefinder camera allows the photographer to measure the distance and focus on the subject of the photo. 

The Diaphragm helps control and stop the passage of light.

Week 2: 

Other terms: 

Shutter Speed: Can also be referred to as exposure time. It is the amount of time the shutter is open. 

ISO:  Measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the ISO the less sensitive to light it is. The higher the ISO the more sensitive it is. 

This photo displays an example of Depth of field. This is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in the scene of a photo. One image will appear sharper than the other. 

Week 3: 

This picture was taken by the famous photographer Ansel Adams in 1962. I have always appreciated Ansel Adams as a photographer because I am fascinated by the way he can portray so much through only black and white. I love the contrast of the photo and how the sun in the background adds more of a dramatic effect. The oak tree is beautiful and having the photo in black and white adds more emotion and contrast. 

Week 4: 

Invisible Lines:

The invisible lines that meet horizontally and vertically on a point in the photograph. 

I chose to look at the photographer Olivia Arthur, I noticed that the invisible lines were present in all her photos in the exact same spot. For the first photo, the invisible lines meet at the man looking out his window. Then for the 2nd photo they meet at the women leaning over the wall. As for the rest of the album the invisible lines all meet in the same location on all the photographs. 

http://www.magnumphotos.com/C.aspx?VP3=CMS3&VF=MAGO31_10_VForm&ERID=24KL535OLY 

Week 5: 

I took this photo at the Vatican this past weekend. I really liked this photo because of the colors and especially the colors of the fountain! 

Annie Leibovitz: 

Scarlett Johansson 

Keith Richards 

Peter Pan 

Annie Leibovitz has taken many photos of celebrities who have been her friends. She also has taken photos for Vogue, Vanity Fair and Rolling Stone magazine. She tends to take photos of the same celebrities again and again. 

Cindy Crawford

Cate Blanchett 

Photographer: Annie Leibovitz

Week 6: 

Richard Avedon. American Photographer 1923-2004 

Highly successful commercial photograhper

Week 7: 

This photo uses the depth of field which focuses on the empire state building and blurs the closer image . One can change the depth of field on the diaphragm. 

BASIC PHOTOGRAPHY AS199   

John Cabot University

Prof. Serafino Amato

Midterm Exam

Fall  2012                                                                               Name: Alexandra Madson

______________________________________________________________________________________

Part I. Technical Review   (40 points)

Suppose your camera has the following settings:

aperture f1.8  f2.8  f4  f5.6  f8  f11  f16  f22

shutter    B  1   2   4    8   15   30  60  125  250  500   1000

(It is a manual slr film camera with a 50mm 1:1.8 lens.)

1.                  Which f-stop allows the most light in? F1.8

2.                  Which allows the least? F22

3.                  Which will give the most depth of field?  F22

4.                  What does depth-of-field mean? The depth of field is when one can focus on the nearest or farthest object and make it appear sharp.

5.                  Where is the aperture diaphragm located? On the lens

6.                  How is aperture measured? Measured by using F stops which allows the amount of light to pass through the lens.

7.                  Which f-stop allows half the amount of light as f5.6?f11

8.                  Which allows twice the light as f5.6?f2.8

9.                  What does focal length refer to? Optical system that can measure how light diverges or converges through the lens.

10.              Besides aperture, what is another factor that affects depth of field? The depth of camera

11.              Where is the depth of field scale located (on a traditional slr)? On a some they have a button but on most it is where one would also focus the camera. It is located on the outside of the outside of the lens. It is distance near, far and focal length.

1                12.  What is the shutter and what does it control? The shutter controls the light to pass through to capture an     image.

13.              How is shutter speed measured? Measured by the seconds that the camera shutter is open.

14.              Where is the shutter located? On the outside of the lens.

15.              What kind of shutter speed is needed in low light conditions? A slower shutter speed.

16.               What does “B” refer to? Bulb- which allows for a longer exposure time.

17.              What is the safest slow shutter speed without a tripod? No speed lower than the focal length which is 1/60 on a 50mm camera.

18.              Which ss allows twice as much light as “60”(1/60)? 1/30

19.              Which allows half as much light as “60”? 1/20

20.              (4 points) On a given day, your camera gives you a correct reading of f4  at 250.  What other configurations would give you the same amount of light and a greater depth of field? (list four ways).

21.              Which would give you the same amount (as above) of light and allow you to create a blurred picture of a speeding car?

22.              Which shutter speed  would give you the same amount of light (as above, question 20) at  f2.8?

23.              On a shadowy area with a bright sky,  how would you insure a correct exposure of a subject in shadow?

24.              (4 p)Which is a better setting, f4 at 1/60, or  f 16 at 1/4 ? Say why.

25.                What does ISO refer to? Measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the ISO the less sensitive to light it is. The higher the ISO the more sensitive it is. 

26.              What is a fast film and when should it be used? Used for ISO and is used to measure the sensitivity to light. Has a higher sensitivity and will have more grain.

27.              What is the major problem with fast films? Reduced images quality and more grain exposed.

28.              What are the three chemical steps used in printing a photograph? Developer, water and fixer. 

29.              List two (2 p) ways exposure is controlled in the darkroom. Time and filter.

30.              How is contrast manipulated in the darkroom? The filter and the time

Week 8: 

This picture I took in Piazza del Popolo 

Week 9: 

This picture I took in Tuscany 

Week 10: 

I took this picture in Ireland 

Week 11: 

This picture I took in Amsterdam 

Week 12: 

This I took on the love lock bridge in Paris 

Week 13: 

I took this picture in Barcelona 

Week 14: 

I took this picture in Nice 

Final Week and Presentation: 

Gianni Berengo Gardin

Bio: He was born in Italy on October 10, 1930. He started his career as a photojournalist in 1965. He has worked and collaborated with many popular magazines including Time. He has been said to have a unique and special eye for photography. Often taking pictures of landscapes and daily life. His work has been featured in the New York Museum of Modern Art. One of his more recent works was a selection of pictures he took of gypsies in Italy. In 2008, he received the Lucie Lifetime Achievement Award. 

Photography: He only uses black and white photography. He leaves all of his images "raw". He thinks that editing photos in post production is artificial. He prefers to show the truth in his photos. A show in Venice showed his work in an exhibition titled, "Stories of a Photographer". 

   

3:10

All of the main subjects in his photography are located in the center of the photo. 

Film Speed: slower film (ISO 25) usually has finer grain and better color rendition than fast film. Professional photographers of static subjects such as portraits or landscapes usually use slower film, and will use a tripod for longer exposure. Photographing subjects such as a rapid moving object or people in low-light conditions will want a faster film (ISO 800+) (Wikipedia). 

Structure of Film: (From top to bottom) 1. Supercoat of Gelatin- protects the film 2. Emulsion layer 3. Substrate or subbing layer helps the adhesion of the emulsion to the film base. 4. The film base or support. 5.  A backing layer on the rear which can counteract curling of the film. 

How film works: When a photo is taken, exposure to the light causes photons to be absorbed into the film by silver halide crystals and form a hidden image which becomes visible during processing and developing.   

Printing: The first step to printing in the dark room is to check the aperture of the enlarger. When the aperture is opened too large then it will create a darker print. And if closed too much then it will create a lighter print. When choosing the aperture it depends on how light or dark the negative is.

Test strip for printing: Before one prints, it is important to have the right number of stops, seconds and filter. To discover this one must use a strip of paper and test the seconds, stops and filter on it to see if you would need to improve the seconds or change the filter. If the test strip is too dark, then close the aperture, if it’s too light then open the aperture.