35mm film
Steve McCurry
Those are some of the pictures that I most like from Steve McCurry.
What is a Aperture:
An aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. the aperture determines how collimated the admitted rays are, which is of great importance for the appearance at the image plan. in photography, the aperture stop of a lens can be easily adjusted to control the amount of light that will reach the image sensor. the lens aperture is always specified as an F-number, the lower is that number the huger will be the aperture of the lens. 
I took this photo in Beijing. this is the landscape from the imperator's summer palace.
Wayne Miller
Depth of field:
Depth of field refers to the range of distance that appears acceptably sharp. it varies depending on camera type, aperture and focusing distance, although print size and viewing distance can also influence our perception of depth of field.
I took this photos to my best friend
LARRY TOWELL
Kelvin Scale.
Found on most modern cameras, the Kelvin scale is a control feature forgotten among photographers. However, the Kelvin Scale can provide opportunities for fantastic creativity with a little bit of knowledge.
The Kelvin Scale ranges from 2000 … 10000. The coldest tone of the scale starts at 2000, casting a very cold bluish tint to photos. The warmest tone of the scale ends at 10000 and is extremely red-orange.. It may help to think of the Kelvin Scale in terms of white balances:
1000-2000 K Candlelight
2500-3500 K Tungsten Bulb (household variety)
3000-4000 K Sunrise/Sunset (clear sky)
4000-5000 K Fluorescent Lamps
5000-5500 K Electronic Flash
5000-6500 K Daylight with Clear Sky (sun overhead)
6500-8000 K Moderately Overcast Sky
9000-10000 K Shade or Heavily Overcast Sky
Just as your camera’s white balance will “compensate” for the way it “sees” the light in a scene, Kelvin Scale allows you to control the color correcting of your images point by point.
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BASIC PHOTOGRAPHY AS199
John Cabot University
Prof. Serafino Amato
Midterm Exam
Fall 2012 Name: LUDOVICA GAJ
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Part I. Technical Review (40 points)
Suppose your camera has the following settings:
aperture f1.8 f2.8 f4 f5.6 f8 f11 f16 f22
shutter B 1 2 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000
(It is a manual slr film camera with a 50mm 1:1.8 lens.)
- Which f-stop allows the most light in? f 1.8
- Which allows the least? f 22
- Which will give the most depth of field? f 22
- What does depth-of-field mean? the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image
- Where is the aperture diaphragm located? inside the lens
- How is aperture measured? is measured using f-stops
- Which f-stop allows half the amount of light as f5.6? f 8
- Which allows twice the light as f5.6? f 4
- What does focal length refer to? is the distance from the lens to the film
- Besides aperture, what is another factor that affects depth of field? focal length of the lens
- Where is the depth of field scale located (on a traditional slr)? on the lens and close to the diaphragm
- What is the shutter and what does it control? the shutter speed is the unit of measurement which determines how long shutter remains open as the picture is taken
- How is shutter speed measured? it is measured in fraction of seconds, which go from 1 second to 1/1000
- Where is the shutter located? behind the lens
- What kind of shutter speed is needed in low light conditions? a low shutter speed
- What does “B” refer to? B is the bulb that keep the shutter open
- What is the safest slow shutter speed without a tripod? less than 1/30
- Which ss allows twice as much light as “60”(1/60)? 1/125
- Which allows half as much light as “60”?1/30
- (4 points) On a given day, your camera gives you a correct reading of f4 at 250. What other configurations would give you the same amount of light and a greater depth of field? (list four ways). f 5.6 ss 1/125 OR f 8 ss 1/60 OR f 11 ss 1/30 OR f16 ss 1/15
- Which would give you the same amount (as above) of light and allow you to create a blurred picture of a speeding car? f4 ss 1/500 or f4 ss1/1000
- Which shutter speed would give you the same amount of light (as above, question 20) at f2.8? f2.8 ss 1/500
- On a shadowy area with a bright sky, how would you insure a correct exposure of a subject in shadow? f 11 or f 8 with ss 250
- (4 p)Which is a better setting, f4 at 1/60, or f 16 at 1/4 ? Say why. F4 at 1/60 because the object will be blurry
- What does ISO refer to? measures the film's sensitivity to the light
- What is a fast film and when should it be used? is a film highly sensitive to the light and should be used when we want grainy pictures as a result
- What is the major problem with fast films?
- What are the three chemical steps used in printing a photograph? two minutes in the developer then 30 sec in water and 2 min in the fixer
- List two (2 p) ways exposure is controlled in the darkroom. the strength of the light and the amount of time the lights goes out
- How is contrast manipulated in the darkroom? through the filter
WRITE CAPTION UNDER EACH PICTURE
35 mm camera, normal lens, taken during the sunset, normal exposure, the diaphragm open because forward is blurry. medium/high ISO film.
35 mm camera (2/3 proportion), moderate wide angle, taken during a sunny day, the exposure is a bit over exposed to show shadows areas, diaphragm perfectly sharp taken with tripod, it has long shutter speed and close diaphragm.
35 mm camera, rather close diaphragm, the background is blurry because the distance from the main close is very close, the closer object is sharp. medium/high ISO film, black and white, normal lens, taken in late afternoon.
medium size film 6x6 cm, the picture is perfectly exposed, normal lens, it is cloudy day it has a medium ISO (400), the diaphragm is closed everything is sharp, and was taken with natural light.
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